Abstract Nanostructured crystalline composite (activated carbon) was synthesized from residual ashes of the burning process of the sludge generated in the flotation step of a poultry slaughterhouse and was used for Allura red dye adsorption. The ashes were chemically activated using two types of reagents, H2O2 and H3PO4, and the structure, morphology, and surface of the adsorbents were characterized by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Barret-Joyner-Hallenda (BJH) method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MID/FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the point of zero charge (PZC). The adsorbent synthesized with H3PO4 at 400 ºC displayed the best performance in removing dye molecules in 10 mg.L-1 solution, with a removal rate of approximately 100% when using a concentration of 2 g.L-1 in particle size of 0.42 mm. Besides that, the adsorbent synthesized with H3PO4 had a particle diameter of approximately 15 Å, a size corresponding to the nanometer range, presented a crystallinity structure with well-defined phases such as quartz and the major elements in the composition were carbon and silicon. The surface area of the ashes enlarged from 14.71 to 448.1 m2.g-1 when H3PO4 was used as an activator, producing a high-quality adsorbent, with an excellent cost-benefit, being it possible to be produced for a price of 9.35 USD.kg-1, a price lower than the commercial activated carbon, making it a promising candidate for application in an industrial environment.

Resumo Os nematoides gastrintestinais são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na ovinocultura, e seu controle tem sido realizado quase exclusivamente pela administração de anti-helmínticos, que levaram a sérios problemas de resistência. Na busca de medidas alternativas de controle, destaca-se a pesquisa fitoterápica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do óleo essencial de Anethum graveolens (endro) em diferentes estágios de Haemonchus contortus, bem como testar a viabilidade celular para o óleo. Larvas e ovos de H. contortus foram obtidos de fezes de ovinos infectados e óleo essencial extraído de sementes de plantas através do aparelho de Clevenger. As concentrações avaliadas foram 9,4, 4,7, 2,35, 1,17, 0,58 e 0,29 mg/mL. Verificou-se a Inibição de eclosão dos ovos (IE), Inibição de Desenvolvimento Larval (IDL) e Inibição de Migração Larval (IML). Tiabendazol 0,025 mg/mL em IE e Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL nos testes IDL e IML foram usados como controles positivos, enquanto água destilada e uma solução Tween 80 foram usados como controles negativos. Os resultados de inibição obtidos para a maior concentração de óleo foram: IE 100%, IDL 98,58% e IML 63,7%, diferindo (�� <0,05) dos controles negativos. Os principais componentes presentes em 95,93% do óleo total de A. graveolens foram Di-hidrocarvona (39,1%), Carvona (22,24%), D-Limoneno (16,84%), Apiol (10,49%) e Trans-di-hidrocarvona (7,26%). As concentrações mínimas de óleo essencial de A. graveolens necessárias para inibir 50% (IC50) de eclosão dos ovos, desenvolvimento larval e migração larval foram de 0,006 mg/mL, 2,536 mg/mL e 3,963 mg/mL, respectivamente. A viabilidade celular nas células MDBK (rim bovino Madin-Darby), quando incubadas com o óleo essencial de A. graveolens, foi de 86% para a maior (9,4 mg/mL) e 99% para a menor concentração (0,29 mg/mL). O óleo essencial de A. graveolens mostrou ser uma alternativa promissora no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos.

Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing (�� <0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control.

Abnormalities of the inferior vena cava are rare. Its embryological development occurs between the sixth and eighth week of gestation and depends on the persistence or regression of three pairs of veins: the posterior cardinal veins, the subcardinal veins and the supracardinal veins. The type of congenital alteration depends on the moment that embryogenesis is altered. The most frequent clinical presentation is deep vein thrombosis, which occurs mainly in young men. We report a 16-year-old male presenting with edema of the left leg. No risk factor for thrombosis was recorded. A Doppler ultrasound confirmed the presence of a deep femoro-popliteal vein thrombosis. An abdominal CAT scan showed an agenesis of the supra and infra-adrenal inferior vena cava, with multiple collaterals. The study for thrombophilia was negative. The patient was treated with vitamin K antagonists with a good clinical response.

RESUMEN La población canina en las ciudades de Ciénaga y Santa Marta se ha estimado en 54.953 individuos con propietarios. Debido al rol que desempeñan los perros en la sociedad, ya sea como animales de compañía o como transmisores de zoonosis al humano, se realizó un estudio con 169 muestras sanguíneas de perros que visitaron dos clínicas veterinarias en estas localidades entre marzo y septiembre del año 2017. El objetivo del estudió consistió en detectar especies de Babesia y Hepatozoon canis amplificando el gen 18S mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional (PCR-c). La presencia de Babesia sp. y Hepatozoon canis se detectó en 15 (8,87%) y 12 (7,10%) muestras de ADN, respectivamente. Además, se registraron 7 (4,14%) casos de coinfección. Las secuencias obtenidas de Babesia sp. correspondieron a la subespecie B. canis vogeli. Se presentan ambos patógenos para la región Caribe colombiana y casos de coinfección en perros de Colombia. Por lo tanto, se exhorta a la comunidad veterinaria nacional a considerar la información presentada en sus diagnósticos diferenciales asociados a las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores de compañía (CVBDs). Esta información permitirá a los profesionales veterinarios crear estrategias de control y prevención para mitigar la propagación de estas infecciones.

ABSTRACT The canine population in the cities of Ciénaga and Santa Marta has been estimated at 54,953 based on individual dogs with owners. Due to the role that dogs play in society, either as pets or as transmitters of zoonoses to humans, we conducted a study with 169 blood samples from dogs that visited two veterinary clinics in these locations between March and September of 2017. The objective of the study was to detect species of Babesia and Hepatozoon canis by amplifying the 18S gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCRc). The presence of Babesia sp. and Hepatozoon canis was detected in 15 (8.87%) and 12 (7.10%) DNA samples, respectively. In addition, 7 (4.14%) cases of coinfection were recorded. The Babesia sp. sequences obtained corresponded to the B. canis vogeli subspecies. This both pathogens in the Colombian Caribbean region and cases of coinfection in Colombian dogs. Therefore, the national veterinary community is encouraged to consider the information presented here in their differential diagnoses associated with companion vector-borne diseases (CVBDs). This information will allow veterinary professionals to create control and prevention strategies to prevent the spread of these infections.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The medical practice in the area of pain associates ethical problems in the care of patients with a disease that causes a functional deterioration, with an uncertain prognosis for their labor reintegration, and a great consumption of family and social resources. After the creation of a working group on bioethics within the Spanish Pain Society (SPS), an attempt is made to analyze these problems. Objective: To know which are the ethical problems that identify professionals (clinical practice, environment and institutions) which concerns SPS members; encouranging an ethical reflection. Methodology: Qualitative study, based on a semi-structured, open interview, send to members of the SPS (n = 1035), through electronic access, on 4 bioethical aspects: the problems detected in clinical practice, the problems of the work environment, the problems in the work organizations, and possible suggestions. These are grouped as they refer to the indications (beneficence and non-maleficence), justice (understood as equity), autonomy (information and preferences). Results: A total of 6 % professionals participated in the interview (n = 62/1035). A panel was prepared with the 10 main issues identified. They emphasize the uncertainty in the taking of decisions in the therapeutic, the limitation of the therapeutic effort, the conditioning of the sanitary system, the relations with the pharmaceutical industry and the search of the excellence. Conclusions: This qualitative study allows identifying ethical problems that interest professionals dedicated to pain. It is convenient to confirm and size them through quantitative studies.

RESUMEN Introducción: La práctica médica en el área del dolor plantea problemas éticos en la atención a pacientes con una enfermedad que provoca un deterioro funcional, con un pronóstico incierto para su reinserción laboral, y gran consumo de recursos familiares y sociales. Tras la creación de un grupo de trabajo en bioética dentro de la Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED) se intenta analizar dichos problemas. Objetivo: Conocer los problemas éticos relacionados con el manejo del dolor (práctica clínica, entorno e instituciones) que preocupan a los profesionales miembros de la SED, así como fomentar una reflexión ética. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, basado en una entrevista semiestructurada, abierta, enviada a los miembros de la SED (n = 1035), mediante acceso electrónico, sobre 4 aspectos bioéticos: los problemas detectados en la práctica clínica, los problemas del entorno de trabajo, los problemas en las organizaciones de trabajo, y posibles sugerencias. Estos se agrupan según se refieran a las indicaciones (beneficencia y no maleficencia), la justicia (entendida como equidad) o la autonomía (información y preferencias). Resultados: Participaron en la entrevista un 6 % de los profesionales (n = 62/1035). Se elaboró un panel con las 10 cuestiones principales identificadas. Destacan la incertidumbre en la toma de decisiones en la terapéutica, la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico, los condicionamientos del sistema sanitario, las relaciones con la industria farmacéutica y la búsqueda de la excelencia. Conclusiones: Este estudio cualitativo permite identificar problemas éticos que interesan a los profesionales dedicados al dolor. Es conveniente confirmarlos y dimensionarlos mediante estudios cuantitativos.

Abstract 20. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), represents one of the main pathologies that affects backyard poultry populations. Infection is produced by a highly contagious virus that causes significant economic losses, mainly associated with immuno-suppression. The objective of this work was to evaluate antibody levels in backyard hens of Curuguaty City, Paraguay. Blood samples were obtained from 16 healthy birds, without distinction of sex, age and that did not received vaccination. The serological technique was indirect ELISA. Of the total samples analyzed, 37.5% had antibody titers against IBD. Considering the sex, 100% and 16.3% were reported as positives in males and females, respectively. The largest number of cases was reported in young birds from 3 to 6 months of age. Results show that there are circulating strains of IBD virus in the field. The necessity of the implementation of adequate control programs in order to eradicate the causal agent, is emphasized.

Resumen 16. La enfermedad infecciosa bursal (EIB), representa una de las principales patologías que afecta a las poblaciones avícolas de traspatio. La infección es producida por un virus altamente contagioso que ocasiona importantes pérdidas económicas, principalmente asociada con inmunosupresión. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar niveles de anticuerpos en gallinas de traspatio de la ciudad de Curuguaty, Paraguay. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 16 aves aparentemente sanas, sin distinción de sexo ni edad, que no habían recibido vacunación. La técnica serológica utilizada fue ELISA de tipo indirecto. Del total de muestras analizadas un 37,5% presentó títulos de anticuerpos contra la EIB. Considerando el sexo, machos y hembras revelaron 100% y 16,3% de positividad, respectivamente. La mayor cantidad de casos se reportó en aves jóvenes de 3 a 6 meses de edad. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la existencia de cepas circulantes del virus de la EIB a campo, por lo cual es necesaria la implementación de programas de control capaces de erradicar el agente causal.

RESUMEN Los principales problemas de la producción de plántulas de tomate en las regiones tropicales residen principalmente por la afectación de los factores climatológicos y el bajo empleo de los biofertilizantes, por lo cual, es importante buscar alternativas eficientes de manejo de los biofertilizantes en estas regiones que aumente la racionalidad y sustentabilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar diferentes formas de aplicación de microorganismos en la producción de plántulas de tomate. El diseño fue en Bloques al Azar, en esquema factorial 4x3, el tamaño de las parcelas fue de 2m2 y los factores de estudios fueron la aplicación de microorganismos eficientes en cuatro niveles: sin (0), inoculación de la semilla a 100mL L-1 (S), aplicaciones foliares a 100mL L-1 (F) y la inoculación a la semilla más aplicaciones foliares (S+F) y tres variedades (Amalia, Rilia y Seen-2), con tres repeticiones. Los descriptores evaluados fueron el porcentaje de germinación (%), diámetro del tallo (cm), altura de planta (cm), número de hojas, rendimiento (plántulas m-2) y el ciclo de producción de las plántulas (días). Los resultados mostraron que en las tres variedades de tomate, la combinación de la inoculación a las semillas con las aplicaciones foliares de microorganismos eficientes incrementó el diámetro del tallo, la altura de la planta, el número de hojas y el rendimiento en las variedades Amalia y Rilia en 26,0 % y en la Seen-2 un 25,0% con relación al tratamiento control y el ciclo de producción de plántulas fue reducido en las variedades Amalia y Seen-2 un 24,0% y en la Rilia un 22,0%.

ABSTRACT The main problems of the production of tomato seedlings in the tropical regions reside mainly by the affectation by climatic factors and the low use of biofertilizers, for which, it is important to look for efficient alternatives of biofertilizers management in these regions that increases the rationality and sustainability. The objective of the work was to evaluate different application forms of efficient microorganisms in the tomato seedlings production. The randomized block design was used, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, the plot size was 2m2 and the studied factors were: the application of efficient microorganisms (EM) in four levels: sin (0), seed inoculation at 100mL L-1 (S), foliar applications at 100mL L-1 (F) and the combination of seed inoculation with foliage applications (S + F) and three tomato varieties (Amalia, Rilia and Seen-2), with three replications. Were evaluated the fallowing indicators: the emergence percentage (%), stem diameter (cm), plant height (cm), number of leaves, yield (seedlings m-2) and the seedling production cycle (days). The results showed that, in the three tomato varieties, the combinate treatment of seeds inoculation with foliage applications of efficient microorganisms increased the stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves and yield in the Amalia and Rilia varieties by 26%, and Seen-2 by 25% with relation to the control and the seedling production cycle was reduced in Amalia and Seen-2 varieties by 24% and Rilia by 22%.

ABSTRACT Coccidiosis negatively impacts health and productive performance in broilers. Anticoccidial resistance has prompted alternatives to prevent and control this disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate a plant feed additive consisting of Acacia concinna containing saponins (Peptasan®) and compare its effectiveness with salinomycin in terms of performance of broilers challenged with Eimeria. In the first experiment, 300 Ross chicks (1 day old) were randomly distributed into a negative (uninfected and untreated), and positive control group (infected and untreated), and three levels of dietary Peptasan® (500, 750 and 1000 ppm). In the second experiment, the same number of chicks were distributed in two control groups (negative and positive), two levels of Peptasan® (500 and 750 ppm) and one level of salinomycin (550 ppm). In both experiments chicks were challenged at day 21 of age with 100,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima and 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Dietary Peptasan® improved productive performance, reduced mortality and the number of oocysts in feces, as well as increased yellow pigmentation of the skin of challenged chickens. The plant feed additive Peptasan® containing Acacia concinna can be effectively used for preventing coccidiosis in broilers.

Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) are sea cucumbers widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea. Amongst them, Isostichopus badionotus is one of the most harvested species. It shows a wide range of morphotypes widespread in the Caribbean region including different habitats (muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and sea grass beds). In Colombia, three morphotypes can be distinguished; two of them live in sea grass beds while the third one is found on rocky substrates. The present study describes the morphological characteristics of these morphotypes and analyzes their genetic structures through 16S rDNA and COI data. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the morphotype living on rocky substrates is morphologically and genetically distinct from the two other morphotypes and might not correspond to I. badionotus, the only species of the Isostichopus genus previously reported for this region.

Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida:Stichopodidae) son pepinos de mar ampliamente distribuidos en el mar Caribe. Entre ellos, Isostichopus badionotus es una de las especies mas cosechadas. Muestra un amplio rango de morfotipos extendidos en la region caribena, incluyendo diferentes habitats (fondos barrosos, arenosos y rocosos, y bancos de pastos marinos). En Colombia, se pueden distinguir tres morfotipos; dos de ellos viven en los bancos de pastos marinos mientras que el tercero se halla sobre sustratos rocosos. En el presente estudio se describen las caracteristicas morfologicas de esos morfotipos y se analizan sus estructuras geneticas mediante datos de 16S rDNA y COI. Nuestros analisis filogeneticos muestran que el morfotipo que vive sobre sustratos rocosos es morfologica y geneticamente distinto de los otros dos morfotipos y puede no corresponder a I. badionotus, la unica especie del genero Isostichopus previamente reportada para esta region.

ABSTRACT. The determination of biochemical parameters in production animals represents a tool of great importance in the diagnosis of various diseases, especially those of subclinical manifestations, being influenced by climatic factors, genetic line, management and feeding. The objective of this work was to define reference intervals for blood biochemical variables in the Rustipollos poultry population of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences in San Lorenzo, Paraguay. A total of 52 birds of the Rustipollos line were selected, 45 females and 7 males, between 2 and 3 years of age. Blood samples were obtained by puncture of the brachial vein to obtain serum and subsequent analysis. The biochemical variables studied were total protein (PROT-T), albumin (ALB), globulins (GLO), uric acid (URIC), cholesterol (COL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the reference intervals were determined applying a robust method as indicated by the standards for the elaboration of referential values. The values obtained were similar to those reported in the literature. However, high levels of GLO were reported that could be related to greater resistance of the birds, considering the management system employed. AST should be evaluated in conjunction with the enzyme creatine kinase in order to differentiate muscle or liver damage. The reported calcemia could be related to the age of the birds, hormonal effect and feeding. The data obtained could be used as a reference for future work, being necessary to establish reference intervals in different categories, in said local population.

RESUMEN. La determinación de parámetros bioquímicos en animales de producción, representa una herramienta de gran importancia en el diagnóstico de diversas enfermedades especialmente las de manifestaciones subclínicas, encontrándose influenciada por factores climáticos, línea genética, manejo y alimentación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue definir intervalos de referencia para variables bioquímicas sanguíneas en la población avícola Rustipollos, de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias en San Lorenzo, Paraguay. Fueron seleccionadas un total de 52 aves de la línea Rustipollos, 45 hembras y 7 machos, entre 2 a 3 años de edad. Muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas mediante punción de la vena braquial para obtención de suero y posterior análisis. Las variables bioquímicas estudiadas fueron proteína total (PROT-T), albúmina (ALB), globulinas (GLO), ácido úrico (URIC), colesterol (COL), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST), calcio (Ca) y fosfato inorgánico (Pi). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva y los intervalos de referencia se determinaron aplicando método robusto según lo indicado por las normas de elaboración de valores referenciales. Los valores obtenidos fueron similares a los reportados en la literatura. Sin embargo, fueron reportados niveles elevados de GLO que podrían estar relacionados con una mayor resistencia de las aves, considerando el sistema de manejo empleado. La AST debería evaluarse en conjunto con la enzima creatinquinasa de manera a diferenciar daño muscular o hepático. La calcemia reportada podría estar relacionada con la edad de las aves, efecto hormonal y alimentación. Los datos obtenidos podrían utilizarse como referencia para futuros trabajos, siendo necesario el establecimiento de intervalos de referencia en diferentes categorías, en dicha población local.

Abstract Hydrogel chitosan beads were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of organic and inorganic compounds from a water sample. America’s company industrial grade natural chitosan was used for the chitosan beads creation. The materials obtained were characterized using optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and moisture loss. The experimental data wes adjusted to both Lagergren and Ho-McKay models to describe the kinetic behavior of the process. It was found that the hydrogel chitosan beads showed higher adsorption capacity for organic compounds however the adsorption rate is higher for inorganic compounds. Using waste materials such as chitin it is possible to produce value-added compounds for adsorption processes.

Resumen En este trabajo se evaluó la factibilidad del uso de hidrogeles de quitosano (HQ) en la recuperación de compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos de muestras de agua. Quitosano grado industrial de origen natural marca América fue utilizado para la fabricación de las perlas. El material obtenido fue caracterizado por microscopía óptica, espectroscopia de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y perdida de humedad. Los datos experimentales fueron ajustados a los modelos de Lagergren y Ho-McKay para describir el comportamiento cinético del proceso. Se encontró que la capacidad de adsorción de los HQ fue mayor para compuestos orgánicos, mientras que la velocidad de adsorción fue mayor para compuestos inorgánicos. A partir del uso de materiales de desecho como la quitina es posible producir compuestos de valor agregado para procesos de adsorción.

Background Patients discharged from general hospitals with a potentially disabling condition can benefit in their recovery with the aid of physical medicine and rehabilitation services. Aim To determine the proportion of patients discharged from a general hospital with a potentially disabling condition, who were derived to physiatry for rehabilitation. Material and Methods Review of the discharge database of a general hospital, identifying all discharges with a potentially disabling condition, and those who were effectively derived for rehabilitation. Results Only 7% of patients with a potentially disabling condition were effectively evaluated by Physiatry. Among these patients, 20% had neurological diseases and 19% had an amputation. Those attended by physiatry had a higher proportion of multidisciplinary care by the rehabilitation team. Conclusions A low proportion of patients discharged with a potentially disabling conditions are referred for an adequate rehabilitation therapy.

ABSTRACT. The thermophilic bacteria of Campylobacter spp. It Constitutes pathogens frequently identified in cases of diarrhea in humans. A locally non-existent evidence of published works of Campylobacter spp. In laying hens. The objective of this investigation was to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. And resistance profile of strains isolated from laying hens, located in the poultry division of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of Asunción. A total of 150 cloacal swab specimens were collected from laying hens of the Hisex Brown line. The samples were submitted to microbiological analysis and species identification based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. The antimicrobial resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin, was performed using antibiotic gradient strips method by agar diffusion. Of the 22 samples were positive to Campylobacter spp, jejuni species, representing a presence of 15%. Results of antimicrobial resistance demonstrated that strains of Campylobacter jejuni showed 95% resistance to Ciprofloxacin. No resistance to Erythromycin was observed. A low prevalence of Campylobacter spp. In laying hens However, the high resistance observed to Ciprofloxacin should serve as a basis for the correct antimicrobial activity in the poultry production chain.

RESUMEN. Las bacterias termófilas de Campylobacter spp. constituyen los patógenos frecuentemente identificadas en casos de diarrea en humanos. A nivel local no existe evidencia de trabajos publicados sobre las mismas en gallinas ponedoras. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de Campylobacter spp. y perfil de resistencia de cepas aisladas en gallinas ponedoras, localizadas en la División de Avicultura de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Se analizaron 150 muestras de hisopado cloacal de gallinas ponedoras de la línea Hisex Brown. Fueron sometidas a análisis microbiológicos e identificación de especies en base a características morfológicas y bioquímicas. La resistencia antimicrobiana a la Ciprofloxacina y Eritromicina fue realizada utilizando método de tiras con gradiente de antibióticos por difusión en agar. Del total de muestras 22, fueron positivas a Campylobacter spp, especie jejuni, representando una presencia del 15%. Los resultados de resistencia antimicrobiana demostraron que las cepas de Campylobacter jejuni presentaron 95% de resistencia a la Ciprofloxacina, no observándose resistencia a la Eritromicina. Se observó una baja presencia de Campylobacter spp. en gallinas ponedoras sin embargo, la alta resistencia observada a la Ciprofloxacina, debería servir de base para el manejo de los antimicrobianos en la cadena productiva avícola.